Infertility

What is infertility? In general, infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. Because fertility in women is known to decline steadily with age, some providers evaluate and treat women aged 35 years or older after 6 months of unprotected sex.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome isn't well understood, but may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatments include birth control pills to regularise periods, medication called metformin to prevent diabetes, statins to control high cholesterol, hormones to increase fertility and procedures to remove excess hair.

Absence / Immature Ovum

An immature ovum is a cell that goes through the process of oogenesis to become an ovum. It can be an oogonium, an oocyte, or an ootid. An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how far it has come in its process of meiosis.

Ovarian/Chocolate Cysts

Ovarian endometriomas, or “chocolate cysts,” are cysts filled with menstrual blood. They are a sign of endometriosis, a condition that happens endometrial-like tissue travels outside of your uterus. These cysts can cause unpleasant symptoms that your provider can help you manage

Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are throbbing or cramping pains in the lower abdomen. Many women have menstrual cramps just before and during their menstrual periods.

Frequent Miscarriage

Recurrent early miscarriages are most commonly due to genetic or chromosomal problems of the embryo, with 50-80% of spontaneous losses having abnormal chromosomal number. Structural problems of the uterus can also play a role in early miscarriage.

Endometriosis

A disorder in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus With endometriosis, the tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes or the intestines. The most common symptoms are pain and menstrual irregularities. Effective treatments, such as hormones and excision surgery, are available.

Fibroid

The cause of fibroids isn't well understood. Risk factors include a family history of fibroids, obesity or early onset of puberty. Symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods and pelvic pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms. Treatments include medication and removal of the fibroid.

Vaginal Infections

A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the vaginal opening. Also called vaginal candidiasis, vaginal yeast infection affects up to 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes.

Oligospermia

A low sperm count is also called oligospermia (ol-ih-go-SPUR-me-uh). A complete absence of sperm is called azoospermia. Your sperm count is considered lower than normal if you have fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen.

Azoospermia

Azoospermia may occur because of an obstruction in the reproductive tract or inadequate sperm production. This condition can cause male infertility. Assisted reproductive technology may be used to achieve pregnancy. Sperm may be surgically extracted or provided by a donor for artificial insemination.

Irregular/Delayed Menses

An irregular period is when the length of your menstrual cycle unexpectedly falls outside of your regular range. Irregular periods can include abnormal uterine bleeding, such as: Bleeding or spotting between periods. Bleeding after sexual intercourse. Heavy bleeding during your period.

Absence of Heart Beat in Fetus

This is called an anembryonic pregnancy, which is also known as a blighted ovum. Or it may be that your baby started to grow, but then stopped growing and they have no heartbeat. Occasionally it happens beyond the first few weeks, perhaps at eight weeks or 10 weeks, or even further on.

Blockage of Fallopian Tube

A blocked fallopian tube, which is also known as tubal factor infertility, is when an obstruction, such as scarring, an adhesion, or infection, prevents the egg from traveling down the tube. This can occur on one or both sides and is the cause of infertility in up to 30% of infertile people with ovaries.

PCOD

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones that happens during the reproductive years. If you have PCOS, you may not have periods very often. Or you may have periods that last many days. You may also have too much of a hormone called androgen in your body.